Adjective Clause

PAPER OF ADVANCED GRAMMAR

“Adjective clauses, clause with that, when or where”

Lecturer : Ms. Agseora Ediyen, M. Hum

Creation by :

Third Group

PBI 4 - C

1. Reni Yuhelda (2317091)

2. Dani Saputra (2317092)

3. M. Fachrul. Rmadhan (2317094)

  

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMEN

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH THE TEACHER TRAINING

STATES OF ISLAMIC INSTITUTE OF BUKITTINGGI

2018 / 2019

A. clauses with that : replacement of subject

Clauses with that : replacement of subjects
Connecting words	Explanations	Sentence types	Examples
That	When two sentences share an identical noun or noun phrase, you can use that to replace the noun or noun phrase in the second sentence. That is used ideas and things.	Simple sentences Complex sentence	Buddhism is religion. This religion teaches a way of life Buddhism is a religion that teaches a way of life.
That (instead of who)	Who is generally preferred to refer to people. In informal spoken English, that  is sometimes used.	Simple sentence Complex sentence	Siddhartha was a person. This person tried to overcome suffering. Siddhartha was a person that (who) tried to overcome suffering.

 

Examples :

1. I bought a book. The book was about Buddhism.

            I bought a book that was about Buddhism.

2. Buddhism is a religion. It has over 350 millions followers.

            Buddhism is a religion that has over 350 millions followers.

B. Clauses with that, when, or where : replacement of objects and adverbials of time or place

Clauses with that replacement of objects of verbs
Connection word	Explanations	Sentence type	Examples
That	To form an adjective clause the relative pronoun that can replace the object of the verb in a simple sentence.	Simple sentence Complex sentence	The ideas helped relieve suffering. Siddhartha taught these ideas. The ideas that Siddhartha taught helped relieve suffering.
Omitted that	That is sometimes omitted in informal English this is  possible only when that replaces as object	Complex sentence	The ideas Siddhartha taught helped re;ieve suffering

Clauses with when or where : replacement of adverbials of time of place
Connecting word	Explanations	Sentence type	Examples
When	When is used to replace adverbials of time.	Simple sentence Complex sentence	Siddhartha lived at a time. People suffered tremendously then. Siddhartha lived at a time. When people suffered tremendously.
Where	Where is used to replace adverbials of place.	Simple sentence Complex sentence	Nepal is a country. Buddhism and Hinduism are practice there. Nepal is a country where Buddhism and Hinduism are practiced.

 

Examples :

1. Nirvana is the goal. Every Buddhist hopes to achieve this goal.

            Nirvana is the goal where every Buddhist hopes to achieve this goal.

2. The way is through meditation. People can reach nirvana this way.

            The way is through meditation that people can reach nirvana this way.

C. Analysis text

Religion and Human Behavior

Does life has meaning? What gives it meaning? Why do    we  act way we do?

Qw    v   modal                Qw  v      s     v.ing    double qw   s     v 

What is the best way to live? How can   we be happy? How can we find peace?

Double qw          v                 qw  modal   s     adj        qw  modal  s   v

How can     we find fulfillment in our lives?

Qw  modal  s    v                        c

These are questions that people          have  struggled with Throughout human History.

              S       ( replacement of subject)   modal       v                                         o 

Philosophers, psychologists, sociologists and physicists all have tried to give answer  

                                               S                                                modal            v          c

We also look for answer within ourselves. We try cultivate the spiritual side  Of our

 S              v            o                      c              s   v

lives.

  c

 For many people in the world, spiritual questions are answered by organized religion.

                     S                                                            v                         c

Hundreds of spiritual traditions exist in the world, yet they all try to answer the same Questions.

        C                                                                     conj    s         v                       c

They teach basic ideas that          help humans understand the nature and  their behavior.

               S         ( replacement of subject)   v              o                 c          conj            c

 

They  describe oppositions between the spirit and the body, good and evil, earthly and 

    S          V                                                     C                                                         Conj 

divine. 

    c 

Each spiritual tradition gives people a method That       they can follow walk the path of

                    s                    v                 o    ( replacement of object)  s   modal         v                 o

goodness.

Each spiritual tradition moves toward a goal.

         S                             v            c

Often               that       

    S     ( replacement of subject)     

goal   involves moving from earth to the divine and from the body to the spirit.

   v                                                       o

This goal has a name like heaven, nirvana, or salvation.

     S           v        o                         c

 All cultures in the world have spiritual traditions and usually some form of organized

                  S                        v                                 conj                      c 

religion. 

The spiritual side of existence whether Organized   into  a religion or   not,

                    S                                             v                      c             conj

has a strong effect on the daily lives of people around the world.

                                               c

REFERENCES

          Geoffrey Leech & Jan Starvik,  A Communicative Grammar of English,  Longman Group Limited, London, 1975.

          Ann , How English Works : A Grammar Handbook with Readings, St. Martin’s Press, New York, 1990.